By analogy, the body has separate systems for shivering and sweating so that both do not occur at once. If the room is warm, the cooler will cool it down to 25☌ and then shut off. If the room is cold, the heater will warm it up to 23☌ and then shut off. The thermostat for the cooler has to go on above 25☌ but to shut off the cooler at 25☌ or below to avoid running the heater and cooler simultaneously. If you have a heater and a cooler, each with its own thermostat, and you want the room to be 23☌ to 25☌, you must set the thermostat for the heater to go on at temperatures below 23☌ but to shut off at 23☌ or above. They took the time derivative of the difference signal and added that to the corrective signal, speeding up the return toward the set point.Īnother problem arose. Because there is a time delay in processing the input signal, there is a delay in returning to the set point. They took the time integral of the difference signal and used that to activate the effector mechanism to achieve integral control that would allow return to the set point. In proportional control, the set point is not reached because the difference signal would disappear, and control would come to an end. Medical Physiology A Cellular and Molecular Approach, Updated 2nd Ed.
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